For students of Spanish as a second Language, the subjunctive mode is usually a headache.
But Why?
Well, there are many mainly reasons why the we understand the subjunctive is difficult to learn and to use, for example:
This mood doesn’t exist in your native language. You can’t establish a relation with anything because you lack of reference from your language. I suggest you engage “the universal language” (emotions) with Spanish language. Each emotion has a subjunctive function. Sadness, anger, happiness, at the same time and fear correspond to several functions in this way. Try to think of your experience of them as the basis of your subjunctive expression, when you speak in Spanish. Forget the base of your language to practice these aspects, because it does not work for you. "There is no emotion in the subordinate when speaking in Spanish." Send this message to your mind: it will be useful to place a good part of the subjunctive functions, as well as for the points of meaning.
The complication with the subjunctive is that you believe that all functions follow the same criteria to answer each subordinate phrase. But no. Not all communication functions serve the subjunctive, therefore, the same criteria are not followed.
The problem with the subjunctive is that the useless, the useless, the tenants and the counts of 30% of the conjugations. If it becomes a real headache.
Also, the disadvantage with the subjunctive is that in its mother tongue this mode has fewer functions than in Spanish.
Cheer up! Remember that everything is in the practice💪
SUBJUNTIVE:
11 CLUES TO USE THIS VERBAL MODE
1.The subjunctive is used when the subject of the main sentence would be different from the subordinate sentence.
2.Subjunctive is used in most verbs related to likings, emotions, feelings, assessments, for example: Being fed up, liking, cheering, bothering, annoy, amaze, hate, love, please, worry, etc.
3. Remember that you use the subjunctive after impersonal expressions, so that (para qué), before (antes de), doubt that (dudar de qué), wishes, advice, requests, etc.
4.Use the subjunctive with the negative imperative:
Do not talk to neighbors ( ¡No hables con los vecinos!).
5.To express something:
have a nice day! ( ¡ que tengas un buen día).
I wish I was famous! ( ojala fuera famoso).
6.You use it with probabilities:
Maybe it Will rain tomorrow ( probablemente mañana llueva).
I may possibly pass the term ( posiblemente pase el semestre). Maybe I’ll change my job next year ( Tal vez cambie de trabajo el próximo año).
Maybe I’ll go to the gym ( Quizás vaya al gimnasio).
7.It is used with verbs that generate an influence in us, as, for example: want, say, advise. for example:
I want you to go to the party with her (Quiero que vayas a la fiesta con ella).
I advise you to follow the rules in the class ( Te aconsejo que cumplas las reglas en la clase).
I will tell my mother to miss the appointment because of the rain
(Le digo a mi madre que falte a la cita por la lluvia).
8. Verbs related to the brain or the head: to think, to give an opinion, to believe. For example:
I do not think it's good to eat carbs at night (No creo que sea bueno comer harinas en la noche).
It does not say that it’s unhealthy (No dice que haga daño a la salud).
I don’t see that you write so bad ( No veo que escribas tan mal).
9. Verbs related to language such as: Say, affirm, exclaim.
10.Verbs where you use the senses: hearing, realizing, feeling, seeing, etc.
11.when we use connectors with subjunctives, we have the casual ones: When, as soon as, as early as. The concessive ones: Although, despite, for more than, alas. The final ones: in spite of, in order to, because. Conditional connectors: Provided that, like, if, such as. To finish the relative represented in the form of "Que".
💖💖I hope this short post was useful 💖😎
Written by Adriana Martinez Castro. Literary Studies Proffesional. Especialized in Pedagogy. Master in Writing. Spanish as a Second Language Teacher.
She is
a totemic Goddess represented by planet Earth, to which Indigenous gave
presents. These offerings were in farming and breeding ceremonies, some are
still going on in the Andean world. It’s South America and central Andes
beliefs nucleus.
Pacha
is a word in Aymara and Quechuan and it means “earth, world, universe, time, age”. She is a protector Goddess and a giver. She
gives shelter to human beings, makes life possible and allows fecundation and
fertility.For these gifts, the priest
of Meridional Puna needs to offer to Pacha for what he gets, and not only in
determined places and time, but in every cultural event, so it can be mutual.
THE DEVOTION
As
a tradition from Quechuans, Aymarans and other peruvian indian groups from the
Andean region, people offer presents such as llamas (to bleed them), coca
leaves, sea shells (mullu) and the llama’s fetus to fertilize the earth. This
kind of offerings is called “Corpachada”.
The
chase Spanish newcomers did to native beliefs with the Discovery of America,
(called the prosecution of Idolism). And Goddess Pachamama, sometimes became
Virgin Mary because of religious Syncretism (this is the combining of different
beliefs, in the theology and mythology of religions).
Nowadays, Quechuans, Aymarans and other
peruvian indian groups from the Andean region, keep the tradition and rituals
with Pachamama. It has spread to Bolivia, Ecuador, and Northern Chile and
Norther Argentina.
Pre-Columbian beliefs are still alive in many
places. Ancestral rituals connect the human being with nature. Earth becomes
important. Pachamama lives Hanaq Pacha (Quechua, meaning "world
above"), Ukhu Pacha ("world below"), and Kay Pacha ("this
world"). The fruits are given to men so they can be fed. This ritual is
mutual, and is made of oblations, thankfulness, and payment to Earth. This
celebration is in August. People have offering rituals thanking the earth and
asking for blessings. Before this, they pay Pachamama in material things like
coca leaves, crafted plantain leaves, chichi (a liquor made of corn), grape
wine, cherry and tokens of jungle seeds called “Huayruros”. There is also rice,
llama wool, starfish, sweet cookies, and many others. Payments are according to
the place, the territory and even the green floors matter.
PACHAMAMA: THE RITUAL
The
central ritual to Pachamama is the Challa or Pago (Payment). It is carried out
during all of August, and in many places also on the first Friday of each
month. Other ceremonies are carried out in special times, as upon leaving for a
trip or upon passing an apacheta. According to Mario Rabey and Rodolfo Merlino,
Argentine anthropologists who studied the Andean culture from the 1970s to the
1990s, "The most important ritual is the challaco.Challaco
is a deformation of the Quechua words “ch'allay” and “ch'allakuy”, that refer
to the action to insistently sprinkle. In the current language of the peasants
of the southern Central Andes, the word challar is used in the sense of
"to feed and to give drink to the land'.
The challaco covers a complex series of ritual
steps that begin in the family dwellings the night before. They cook a special
food, the tijtincha (different kinds of corn). The ceremony culminates at a pond or stream, where the
people offer a series of tributes to Pachamama, including "food, beverage,
leaves of coca and cigars.
A bowl of dirt on the right of the stone is
there to represent Pachamama, because of her status as a Mother Earth. Many
rituals related to the Pachamama are practiced in conjunction with those of
Christianity, to the point that many families are simultaneously Christian and Pachamamistas.
Have you heard yourselves humming or singing a
piece of a song? I bet the answer is yes!
There is a reaction
from our brain. It is called Audition (or musical) “worm”. This thing is guilty
of our musical taste and our music preferences. So, it doesn’t matter the
language the song is, we tend to repeat and remember and may help when learning
another language. In this way, the connection (or obsession) with a song, will
be the first approach to a foreign language.
Until next year the
song “Despacito” (slowly) from Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee had one of the most
viewed in Youtube (5.146’716.008 views) not only by Spanish speakers, but from
people from different cultures and languages who, not knowing Spanish, searched
for the lyrics and the translation, interesting in the meaning of the
song. Due to this, we could think “Music
has the Power” because allows us to be in contact with another culture (and
Languages) and help us to enhance pronunciation, and obtain linguistic skills,
and improve listening. Today’s
publication is entitled to learning Spanish through songs.
WHY MUSIC?
It’s easy, practical,
and we listen to music almost all day. Human beings can learn any Language
easily if they enjoy its learning, because they take it as a fun thing and not
as a mandatory thing. And music is rhythmical and sometimes are catchy. They
bring a lot of benefits: One: We learn new words and new vocabulary when we search for those words we don’t
know or don’t understand.
Two: We can educate our hearing. For listening many times the song we like,
we will remember some words, learn new ones and look for the meaning of the
ones we ignore.
Three: Getting to know more of the
Spanish speaking culture through different expressions, images, and so on. Four: Get to know local slang and
sayings from every Country. Five: Copy pronunciation and try to
make the accents as equal as possible.
4 TIPS TO KEEP IN
MIND.
You may like hip-hop
or rap, but knowing your level it’s better to start from zero. Maybe a ballad
or a not so difficult-to-understand song. Maybe you don’t like this gender, but
it is important that you understand the language before understanding a fast
and complicated song. I invite you to follow these steps:
💓Choose music that make your body move. These are the ones we most like
and we can listen them without a break and not getting bored.
💓Choose songs you can sing or understand some words. As higher your level
of Spanish is, you will go a longer way.
💓You will get to sing the whole song and understand it. But in the
meanwhile, always have the lyrics so you can sing along and look for words you
don’t know.
💓You can find songs in English that have been translated into Spanish,
it’s easier to star with a known melody and you will have the time to look for
words and expressions. (Some of Roxette’s, Bon jovi, Bryan Adams, Scorpions, Robie Williams, songs have been translated to
Spanish).
💓When you look for songs in
“youtube” or “vimeo”, write the name of the song/artist and add lyrics. For
example: David Bisbal (Spain) Lyrics. So, it will show all his songs with
lyrics. You can do this with other artists.
RECOMENDATIONS
BASIC LEVELS : The
students in this group will listen to the song you chose and identify those
words you don’t know from the ones you know. Then you must look for their
meaning and learn them. This way you will educate your hearing to pronunciation
and stress of each word.
INTERMEDIATE LEVELS : You can explore more
these elements: 1) What’s the song about? Is there a
message? (a story or an argument). 2) Getting to know and study some colloquialisms used in many songs. 3) Remember and study vocabulary and
new terms. 4) Study grammatical forms, verb
tenses, and so on in chosen songs. 5) Enhance your listening.
ADVANCED LEVELS: Students in this group can reinforce listening, slang, and cultural
contexts.
I hope you like this
blog and you find it useful !
Last Weekend we celebrated Mother’s Day. This
celebration is very common in all around the world in different dates. We honor
our mothers, because they gave us life. For this matter I decided to write this post. You may think of a great diversity of origins,
some cultural events we Latin Americans prepare for this day. Mom’s iconic
things, the different ways to call her, her endless complaining, mom’s usual sayings,
and some details from childhood. And I’ll finish this article with some
proverbs either used by them, or alluding them.
HISTORY AND CELEBRATION MOTHER´S DAY
Some of the History of Mother’s Day: The first
celebrations were by the Greek to the Goddess “Rhea”. This is not directly
related to the many traditional celebrations of mothers and motherhood that
have existed throughout the world over thousands of years, such as the Greek
cult to Cybele. But Greeks weren’t the only ones. In Latin America, Aztecs celebrated
to Goddess “Coatlicue”, Mayans to Goddess “Ixchel” and the Incans to Goddess
“Pachamama”. Only Incans descendant who live at the ConoSur celebrate Mother’s
Day on august 1st in commemoration of Mother Goddess Pachamama.
In the Actuality “Mother’s Day” comes from England. Then
the United States establishes it and it expands to Latin America. Although, in
some countries, because of historical or religious events, they celebrate this
day on another date. In Bolivia they celebrate on May 27th because
that is the date when the Battle of Coronilla took place in Cochabamba. The
date commemorates the Battle of La Coronilla, which took place on May 27th,
1812, during the Bolivian War of Independence, in what is now the city of
Cochabamba. In this battle, women fighting for the country's independencewere
slaughtered by the Spanish army. It is not a public holiday, but all schools
hold activities and festivities throughout the day.
The feast for celebrating Mothers, Grandmothers
and Aunts may change in every country. Usual things as take them to dinner,
gifts, Mariachi serenade, music groups like Bolero, Andean or marimba, are
common in most Spanish Speaking countries. Every region has its own traditions.
In Guatemalan schools they make handmade crafts and activities to celebrate
Mothers. They are Catholic, so they offer masses, blessings, prayers, etc. In
Cuba they deliver Moher’s Day postcards. Many grew up seeing how their family
made a list of known Mothers: aunts, cousins, neighbors and Friends, so they
could sum how many postcards to choose the prettier ones and add a loving
message. In Colombia its very common to give Mothers red flowers (roses,
petunias, chrysanthemum, etc.), and go out on a road trip. If she deceased, we
visit her grave and we put white or pastel colored flower arrangements and we
offer a mass in her memory.
NICKNAMES
The love to our Mothers is also expressed in
how we call her: Madrecita (mummy), jefecita/jefa (boss) in Mexico, vieja (old
lady) in Argentina, Cucha (old lady for low status people or joking), ma, mami
(mummy), mamasaurius (joking with elder moms), La ley "the law" (when mom is a little too
bossy). We also have sweet names for our grandmas: Mama grande (Big mama),
abebita (like in baby language), lita, or mama and her name (mamá Juana), baba,
nona, abue, momo, nonita, tita, abuelinda (grandma-pretty), mita, buela,
buelita, ita, mima or like in Cuba, mamuma.
In
Latin America, the term “Mother”, either mine or someone else´s, usually has
more value than “Father” because she always there for us, educate us, and teach
us.The violence and wars in our countries made women widows or orphans and they became homes's heads, and they provide food and teach their children. They fight to mantain their families. There's a saying for this: Thank God for Mothers!. It's pejorative for men.
ICONIC THINGS
With time, there are three things that identify a Mother: “la Chancla” or “ Chancleta” ( The sandal), El cinturon, la correa o el cinto (The belt) and " La cantaleta" ( Mom’s nagging). These bring us memories about
education, and Latin American Mother’s temper. There are a lot of posts where
we joke about them.
1. The chancleta or chancla: It’s a
sandal made of rubber that holds the foot with a piece of cloth or a lace that
grabs the big toe. “Chancleta” is more like a diminutive of “chancla”, and the
cloth or lace work as a sash to hold the foot.
The may differ in the shape, both are used for the same thing: hit kids,
adolescents and adults who don’t obey their parents or make something silly.
The hitting is mostly on the legs and buttocks either with or without clothes.
Some times in other body parts, if Mother has a good aim. There are three types
of maternal hitting:
Flying chancleta (sandal): This is when mom is far from her child, and
she has a good aim, she will hit the child hardly and right on target.
3000 chancleta (sandal): A sandal trained to Dodge any obstacle between Mother and the child’s
back or buttocks. Hits the target most of the time.
Common chancletazo (sandal hitting):
This is when our beloved Mother takes her sandal off and hit us wherever she
can and she isn’t going to reason in any way.
2.The Cinturon, correa or cinto (the belt): A band made of cloth, leather, rope or any flexible material you wear
to hold your pants or a skirt. In one end it has a buckle (it’s usually
metallic) and in the other it has holes to close the belt. Many of us were
educated with a belt hit for saying bad words, swearing or cursing, being
impolite to our parents or relatives, mocking people, being goofy, and so on,
so we could become good-mannered and polite people.
3. The"Cantaleta": Mom’s nagging (kind of a verbal diarrhea)
where she expresses her anger to her children/husband/any human being. She may
say something like:
OTHER EXAMPLES
While I’m in this house, you will do as I say. (Everyone in the house shall do what they are told to do, and they must obey
Mother’s rules, if you disagree, you may leave).
·You
are not the boss here, when you get a job and have your own house we’ll see.
(When we live with our parents we shall obey their rules).
·Don’t
look at me like that and you lower your voice!!
(It’s used in a discussion when
they are shouting and moving their hands quickly or opening widely the
eyes).
·What do you think this
is, a hotel?
(Mom says that when everyone goes to eat and sleep but there’s no family
time).
·If
you keep crying I’ll hit you so you have a motive.
(When mother finds out her
children have done something bad and they know it was wrong and they start to
cry before Mother says anything, so she throws this menace to stop the crying).
·If
you keep talking back to me I’ll put your mouth front to back.
(We shouldn’t
talk back, and if we do, she’ll slap us so hard on the cheek).
PROVERBS AND SAYINGS
IN THE LATIN AMERICAN WAY OF THINKING.
Finishing this edition, I’ll leave some
proverbs mostly used by our mothers, and some that come from them.
1. MOTHER’S
PROVERBS:
¡Al que madruga Dios le ayuda! is similar to "The
early bird catches the worm":We should seize the day and grab the
opportunities on time. Also, we must be cautious so we can make our goals.
Always remember life is moving fast, so we shall move with it.
¡Camarón que se duerme se lo lleva la corriente! is similar to “You
snooze, you lose”: Don’t
be lazy, it brings consequences. Life will not stop, so seize it.
¡ Más sabe el diablo por viejo que por diablo! is similar to “There’s
no substitute for experience”: We get a lot of experience and knowledge
through the years.
2. PROVERBS
AND SAYINGS ABOUT THE MOTHER:
- "Casa sin madre, río sin cause" is House with no Mother, Boat in river with no
paddle: Mothers are the base of the family.
- "La madre y el delantal tapan mucho mal" is Mother and Apron cover lots of bad: it’s of
great concern inview of
the fact that a mother's level
of education has a great
influence on her children's education and the
well-being of the household.
-" Madre holgazana cría hija cortesana" is Lazy Mother breeds prostitute daughter: It
regards the bad ways of a Mother and how it shows on the daughters. SOME MEMES ABOUT " LA CHANCLA":
Prosiguiendo con el
artículo que escribí el 14 de abril sobre las diferencias culturales entre
Latinoamérica y algunos países asiáticos. Les presento en el día de hoy.
Las15diferencias restantes.
¡Espero sea de su agrado!
1. ESCRIBIR EN ROJO:
Si para nosotros los hispanohablantes es corriente escribir los nombres de las
personas en rojo,bien seaporque estamos enamorados y hacemos
corazoncitos con elnombre de nuestro
amado y el de nosotros, ya que la tinta de este color significa pasión y gran
amor, o bienpor mera practicidad, al no
haber un lapicero conotro color. Para
algunos de los países asiáticos como: China, Taiwán, Corea, Japón, Filipinas
entre otros,suele seruna práctica vetada, digamosque “escribir en rojo” podría ser de “mal augurio”,
lo catalogan de “Mala suerte” o negativo. Tal situación se debe a que la tinta
roja es asociada con la muerte, por dos razones: La primera, los nombres en las
tumbas están escritos en rojo y la segunda, se acostumbra escribir con tinta de
este color el nombre de los fallecidos en cualquier tipo de documento.
2. EL CONTINUO CONTACTO
VISUAL PARA EL INTERLOCUTOR: Para las personas de América Latina, el
contacto visual permanente con el
interlocutor es un signo de atención y en cierta manera de respeto por
la información dada y por quien la dice. Si al conversar no recibimos un
contacto visual atento, podemos pensar que no es una persona de fiar y que algo
nos oculta o esconde. Por otro lado,
para algunos países en Asia, esta forma
de mirar, suele ser un
gesto de descortesía, ellos acostumbran
a intercalar la mirada entre dos puntos:
arriba y el abajo sucesivamente, para evitar intimidar al otro.
3. LOS PIROPOS (Halagos):
En Latinoamérica es común que la gente exprese piropos a una persona atractiva,
es decir, cuando un hombre ve a una mujer guapa por la calle, ledice un cumplido o le silba, tal clase de
halagos van desde los muy elaboradosy
originales hasta lo más soeces. También depende del estrato social de quien los
dice. En los últimos años y con el empoderamiento de la mujer en la sociedad,
tales casos, se pueden dar (que una mujer piropee a un hombre guapo), pero no
suele ser tan común. Por el contrario en el continente asiático, tal proceder
no es usual, ellos suelen ser un poquito tímidos a comparación de nosotros. Por
ello se sorprenden tanto con este tipo de situación.
4. LA INTERACCIÓN SOCIAL:
LA EMBRIAGUEZ VS EL BAILE.
En América latina la
interacción social es muy usual. Digamos que es parte de la idiosincrasia. Somos afectuosos, extrovertidos, habladores y expresamos nuestras opiniones y
sentimientos abiertamente. Es por ello, que el baile es otro medio para
socializar y en cierta manera influye en la escogencia de una posible pareja al menos en los
primeros años de nuestra vida. La danza, está condicionada por las diferentes
costumbres. Es una manera para conversar,
compartir con la familia, amigos, conocidos y desconocidos (cumpleaños, bautizos,
matrimonios, grados etc.) Es decir, nacemos y fallecemos entre bailes. Es
simplemente, otra forma de mantener una conexión con el mundo, la sociedad y la
familia a través de la música, el baile y el dialogo. En cambio, algunos países de Asia oriental son la otra
cara de la moneda. Sus culturas tienden a ser cerradas. Tal situación, se
presenta en correlación a la influencia
del confucianismo en su cosmovisión, basado en conceptos como: autoridad,
deber, relaciones jerárquicas y sí en cierta manera la desigualdad. Es por
ello, que en la vida tanto cotidiana como laboral, guardan ciertas jerarquías
que a su vez se traslucen a través de los ademanes, la forma de dirigirse a un
mayor, a un igual o a un subalterno etc.
Tantos parámetros sociales
establecen una relación más distante entre los individuos que
normalmente se atenúa a través del
licor. El alcohol es para estos países lo que la danza es para nosotros los
latinos, un medio de interacción social, relajación, pero “el beber” no tiene un significado tan banal,
es un signo de conocer al otro, de confianza, de darle una oportunidad,
confraternizar. Por esta razón tanto los negocios, como las cenas, el trabajo y
casi toda práctica de la colectividad es cerrada con alcohol.
5.EL CONTACTO FÍSICO
MASCULINO: Latinoaméricacomo
algunos países asiáticos comparten una fuerte tendencia machista, aun así es
corrientever en Asia a los hombres
(entre amigos cercanossobre todo los
jóvenes)tocarse, mantener un contacto
físico,es decir: se abrazan, se toman
de las manos etc. Es una forma de expresar cariño, cercanía. Al contrario en
América latina, este tipo de comportamiento aunque se da, no suele ser tan
constante y sí se ejecuta es por un tiempo breve. Para el latino, el contacto
físico de este tipo es más aceptado entre mujeres,personas de sexos opuestos ycomunidad homosexual.
6. LAS PALABRAS CARIÑOSAS: Cuando llegas a algún país latinoamericano
es usual que las personas que atienden en los almacenes, tiendas, el metro,
restaurante, puestos callejeros, los taxis etc. Se refieran a ti con palabras
cariñosas del tono de “mi amor”, “Corazón” , “ Princesa/ príncipe”, “ Jefecita”
, “ Mi vida” etc. Esto no significa que estén tratando de ligar contigo o con
tu pareja. No determina ningún tipo de coqueteo, sólo es una forma de tratar al
cliente, un plus de amabilidad. Es un trato que también se hace para los
locales. Normalmente este tipo de comportamiento se da tanto de mujer con mujer, hombre con mujer,
mujer con hombre, pero entre hombres no es aceptable. En el caso de Asia, esto
es imposible que suceda allí. Los asiáticos te ofrecen sus productos con expresión amable, te saludan y despiden
bien sean en su idioma o por defecto en inglés
y curiosamente te dan las gracias por la compra o el uso del servicio.
7.LENGUAJE NO VERBAL
OFENSIVO: En algunos países del continente asiáticosuelen asumir quees un lenguaje verbal ofensivo o molesto
cuando son tocadosen la cabeza o en el
hombro por su interlocutor. Algo parecido a esto, sería para los hispanohablantes, el manotear o que te manoteen (agitar las
palmasen posición verticalde afuera hacia adentro varias veces).
8. EL TIPO DE SANGRE: Con
respecto al ligue, buscar parejas y sus características más y menos deseadas. Algunas mujeres latinoamericanas y pocos
hombres, tienen en cuenta el signo
zodiacal occidental (capricornio, acuario, piscis, Aries, tauro, géminis,
cáncer, virgo, leo, libra, escorpión y sagitario). Mientras que en Asia, se
rigen en mayoría por el tipo de sangre ( A, B, O, AB) al menos esta práctica es muy usual en países
como Japón y sus alrededores. Para los
latinoamericanos y en general los occidentales, el tipo de sangre sólo genera
importancia para una transfusión sanguínea, más allá suele ser muy raro y casi “loco/
enfermo” preguntar sobre este tema. Por el contrario, para estos países suele
ser de lo más común, digamos que cada tipo de sangre tiene sus características.
Ejemplo:
Tipo
A: Suelen ser perfeccionistas, tímidos y trabajan bien en
equipo.
Tipo
B:
Alegres, impulsivos, apasionados, optimistas, excéntricos y egoístas.
Tipo
O: Creativos, activos y les gusta ser en centro de
atención
Tipo
AB: Misteriosos e impredecibles.
9. COLOR DE LA PIEL: Aun hoy, en
algunos países asiáticos como la India (efecto Bollywood/ cine indio), China y
otros, les parece atractivo la piel muy
clara. Para este cometido utilizan diferentes tipos de tratamiento: cremas,
jabones espray y bloqueadores con el fin de no broncearse. Pero en América
Latina, a diferencia de ellos, el tipo de piel preferido es el canela o
tostado, por tal razón, tanto hombres
como mujeres utilizan bronceador para que su tono de piel quede de un tostado
parejo y de esta manera aumentar su atractivo físico.
10. EL MAQUILLAJE MASCULINO: Los latinoamericanos, asocian el
maquillaje con lo femenino. Es por ello que aunque la tendencia está cambiando con la inclusión
de productos de éste tipo para hombres, sólo los utilizan ciertos actores, para
momentos determinados o “Metrosexuales” que aun así, no se escapan con
facilidad de la burla de sus coetáneos masculinos. Por otro lado, en Asia es común el maquillaje de los hombres.
Allí, no se asocia con femineidad, de hecho ellos tienen sus propios productos
y marcas, bien diferentes a las usadas por las chicas. ¿Por qué la práctica?
Pues bien, en el oriente asiático, la apariencia física suele ser de gran
importancia tanto en la vida diaria, como la laboral y social.
11. LA INFIDELIDAD: Aunque
existen personas infieles a nivel mundial, en muchos de los países Asiáticos
hay más hombres que mujeres. Tal situación se da sobre todo en China en donde
la política del hijo único desequilibró la balanza entre los sexos, pero no sólo en este país, también a sus alrededores la tasa de hombres suele ser
más alta que la femenina. Dado lo anterior,
se puede pensar que los caballeros suelen ser un poco más fieles porque
el margen de competición por una mujer es bastante alto y para su cultura tanto
el matrimonio como los hijos suelen ser la base de la sociedad. Recordemos que
en su mayoría piensan en colectivo. En el caso de Latinoamérica es bastante
diferente, en la mayoría de países latinoamericanos hay más mujeres que hombres,
según un informe de la CEPAL (Comisión económica para América Latina y el caribe) en el 2016
se calculó que la población de América latina excedía 625 millones de personas
de las cuales 302 millones eran hombres y 323 millones mujeres. Tal abundancia
en féminas y el pensamiento machista de nuestra sociedad. promueve en cierta
manera la infidelidad y se hace tan común términos como: La moza, la gallinita,
el arrocito en bajo, que no vienen a ser más que el remplazo de la pareja
actual, o la de pasar el rato.
12. CONSIDERACIONES
SOBRE LA SENSUALIDAD: Para los países de América Latina la sensualidad
física de una mujer radica en el busto, hombros y espalda, por ello es normal
que usen escote o blusas más destapadas. Al contrario, en el oriente lo “sexy” cambia según el sector. En la india recae
en el vientre, la cintura y la espalda.
Por otro lado en Japón, China, Filipinas, Taiwán y demás, la sensualidad está enfocada en las piernas. Por lo tanto, en estos países es muy
común ver a las chicas con faldas y pantalones muy cortos, o con el Sari (Vestido
de la India) mostrando el vientre.
13. DUCHAS COMUNITARIAS:
En algunas partes de Asia, existen este tipo de duchas en donde las personas,
casi siempre familia y amigos se bañan juntos tal y como Dios los trajo al
mundo, obvio separando los géneros. En
América Latina, No. Digamos que el ducharse es un asunto privado o de pareja.
14. FLOTADOR PARA ADULTOS:
En el continente Asiático es común ver a las personas adultas con flotadores en
el caso que no sepan nadar o no lo hagan bien. En América Latina el uso del
flotador es exclusivo de los niños. Si eres adulto y no sabes nadar te quedas a
la orilla o no te introduces en el mar. El momento adecuado para aprender a
nadar… es la infancia.
15. EL ESTUDIO: Los niños
de los países potencia de Asia, en su diario vivir suelen invertir bastante tiempo en horas de clase,
sin excluir los fines de semana y las vacaciones escolares. Estos infantes
deben estudiar idiomas (3 o 4 si les es posible) fuera de los refuerzos de las
materias importantes y demás asignaturas que ven en su jornada estudiantil. La
causa para tanto estudio, radica en los niveles de competitividad que manejan
sus naciones, en donde para 10 cargos se presentan 20.000 personas y de esas, sólo serán escogidas las 10 más
competentes para el puesto. Ser un buen
estudiante y tener notas altas y dominar
varias lenguas les facilita obtener un buen puntaje nacional, acceder a una excelente
universidad, luego un buen trabajo, conocer una pareja adecuada, poder vivir “bien”
y ser parte del engranaje de la sociedad
no marginada. Para este tipo de países, demasiado ocio se considera como
“pérdida de tiempo”. En nuestro caso, la
competitividad es relativamente mínima, dado que somos sociedades
individualistas. El pensar de una comunidad no nos afecta del todo. Por
este motivo, nuestros niños aún pueden
dedicarse a jugar y a vivir su infancia de forma más laxa, es decir, tener más
tiempo para sí mismos.