She is
a totemic Goddess represented by planet Earth, to which Indigenous gave
presents. These offerings were in farming and breeding ceremonies, some are
still going on in the Andean world. It’s South America and central Andes
beliefs nucleus.
Pacha
is a word in Aymara and Quechuan and it means “earth, world, universe, time, age”. She is a protector Goddess and a giver. She
gives shelter to human beings, makes life possible and allows fecundation and
fertility.For these gifts, the priest
of Meridional Puna needs to offer to Pacha for what he gets, and not only in
determined places and time, but in every cultural event, so it can be mutual.
THE DEVOTION
As
a tradition from Quechuans, Aymarans and other peruvian indian groups from the
Andean region, people offer presents such as llamas (to bleed them), coca
leaves, sea shells (mullu) and the llama’s fetus to fertilize the earth. This
kind of offerings is called “Corpachada”.
The
chase Spanish newcomers did to native beliefs with the Discovery of America,
(called the prosecution of Idolism). And Goddess Pachamama, sometimes became
Virgin Mary because of religious Syncretism (this is the combining of different
beliefs, in the theology and mythology of religions).
Nowadays, Quechuans, Aymarans and other
peruvian indian groups from the Andean region, keep the tradition and rituals
with Pachamama. It has spread to Bolivia, Ecuador, and Northern Chile and
Norther Argentina.
Pre-Columbian beliefs are still alive in many
places. Ancestral rituals connect the human being with nature. Earth becomes
important. Pachamama lives Hanaq Pacha (Quechua, meaning "world
above"), Ukhu Pacha ("world below"), and Kay Pacha ("this
world"). The fruits are given to men so they can be fed. This ritual is
mutual, and is made of oblations, thankfulness, and payment to Earth. This
celebration is in August. People have offering rituals thanking the earth and
asking for blessings. Before this, they pay Pachamama in material things like
coca leaves, crafted plantain leaves, chichi (a liquor made of corn), grape
wine, cherry and tokens of jungle seeds called “Huayruros”. There is also rice,
llama wool, starfish, sweet cookies, and many others. Payments are according to
the place, the territory and even the green floors matter.
PACHAMAMA: THE RITUAL
The
central ritual to Pachamama is the Challa or Pago (Payment). It is carried out
during all of August, and in many places also on the first Friday of each
month. Other ceremonies are carried out in special times, as upon leaving for a
trip or upon passing an apacheta. According to Mario Rabey and Rodolfo Merlino,
Argentine anthropologists who studied the Andean culture from the 1970s to the
1990s, "The most important ritual is the challaco.Challaco
is a deformation of the Quechua words “ch'allay” and “ch'allakuy”, that refer
to the action to insistently sprinkle. In the current language of the peasants
of the southern Central Andes, the word challar is used in the sense of
"to feed and to give drink to the land'.
The challaco covers a complex series of ritual
steps that begin in the family dwellings the night before. They cook a special
food, the tijtincha (different kinds of corn). The ceremony culminates at a pond or stream, where the
people offer a series of tributes to Pachamama, including "food, beverage,
leaves of coca and cigars.
A bowl of dirt on the right of the stone is
there to represent Pachamama, because of her status as a Mother Earth. Many
rituals related to the Pachamama are practiced in conjunction with those of
Christianity, to the point that many families are simultaneously Christian and Pachamamistas.
In this post we will study nowadays and the
most common expressions used in football during world cup and in our daily
life. I’m talking about the vocabulary present in every game and we lived all
the football World Cup 2018. In the end, I’ll give you some details and Football
vocabulary and just out of curiosity, some curiosities about the Football
World.
Let’s get started!!💓
WHAT WE LEARN NOWADAYS: COMMON PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS IN SPANISH COMING FROM FOOTBALL.
HOW TO USE THEM.
USAR LA CAMISETA (Wearing
the shirt): It is
very important to wear the colors of the team you like or the colors in the
flag or uniform of your country. This also means you have to give all for your
company, or an institution, or any mutual project.
(Colgar los guayos
(col)/botines (Argentina) / tenis (Guatemala y México))To Hang your Soccer cleats : In Colombia, this means to die. Literally. In Argentina they say: To hang your sneakers “Colgar
los tenis “. There isn’t a softer way to say this. It also means leave, or
retire, stop playing (metaphorically), stop doing something for good.
Dar bola (Give
Ball): Show interest or pay attention.
Sacar la roja (Red
card) :Punish someone or kick someone from
an activity.
Marca Personal (Personal
Check): To
control someone’s movements.
Embarró la cancha (Splattered the court
with mud): Make difficult
any situation.
Gambetear: To dodge a question or a situation.
Pegó en el palo (The ball hit the post) :To get almost
a guessing, or to wriggle out.
Marcar la cancha (Out to mark political
turf):Establish
conditions, setting the rules.
Pasarla por arriba (Gloss Over) : Gloss over, avoid, or wriggle out something.
Le metió un golazo (He/She scored a goal): He/She did something difficult or unlikely.
Something impossible.
Sudarse la camiseta (Sweating the Shirt ): Do a good job.
¡ Que autogol! (What an own goal): We use this when someone who did something wrong
gets it back.
Some examples for these expressions:
More Vocabulary: ( Video)
Mina: It’s an informal way to
call a girl in Argentina.
Volverse loco (Get Crazy): Have
an irrational behavior.
Pibe: It’s a name for boys and
men both young and adult.
FOOTBALL VOCABULARY
I don’t really know how this
works in other languages, but in Spanish there are some expressions for
football moves. Today, I am going to speak about the more common exressions:
SCISSORS (LA TIJERA O TIJERETA): also known as Media Chilean. It is a play used in football and
consists of the player hitting the ball, lifting his legs in the air and
crossing them - hence the origin of the name-, generally in a position parallel
to the field and through the instep. Usually, the scissors serves as a pass or
auction at a medium distance.
THE HAT PLAY (EL SOMBRERITO): The player kicks the ball over an
opponent and and retakes control of the ball.
THE BIKE (LA BICICLETA): It is a dribble that consists of
encircling the ball with the foot simulating a strike without it moving from
its position in order to unbalance and deceive the opponent.
FLY LIKE A PIGEON (LANZARSE DE PALOMITA): a great stop made by the
archer stretching in a lateral jump.
LA CHILENA: For peruvians it’s called “La chalaca”. It consists of
finishing the ball by pulling the body back to kick it at the height of what
would be the head.
GREASE (LA VASELINA): Shooting a curve soft ball in the air over
one or several players. The goals made with
this move over the goalie and touching ground before scoring are very classy if
done softly.
DIVING (EL PLANCHAZO):Diving
to cut the ball with one or both feet in front, raising the toe and entering
with the cleats of the boot in front, generally sliding on the grass.
FAINT OR DODGE (GAMBETA O GAMBETEAR):This is an indigenous dance from Uruguay and Argentina where they move
their legs constantly and don’t fall ever. This term is used in Mar del Plata
for dribbles and dodges. To mock the defender with dodges and dribbles.
CURIOSITIES OF FOOTBALL
The passion for football makes
irreverent human beings and in turn believing entities of magic and rituals
beyond all understanding, where the everyday becomes strange and religious in a
practice given to superstition, let's look at some of these practices made
before each match, be it local, national or international:
Make the sign of the cross, kiss a scapular, pray to the Lord:
(Santiguarse, besar un escapulario, orar al señor): These actions are done
by players from many different disciplines, to feel blessed and bless the game
so everything goes well. It is also to invoke the Supreme Being for protection
and help them make well for themselves and their own families.
First,
the right foot:Many players enter the court with their right foot. This
comes from an old superstition that everything must start on the right foot so
everything goes fine.
The underpants or the socks worn inside out:According to a very
old belief, wearing clothes inside-out will have good luck all day long. It
means success.
Underwear with something in blue: René Higuita (former Colombian
archer), inventor of the scorpion move, had as a ritual to wear blue underwear.
Oddly, this superstition for color blue, comes way back in time. We see that in
the weddings (something, old something BLUE). This color means luck, but in
medieval times it was related to Forces of the Evil. The merging of these forces gave some magical and luck
characteristics to this color as we believe nowadays.
The grass: This is the battlefield between two rivals. Lately it
has gained importance in the magical rituals of the football players. Some pee
on it (like cats do, to say they own it), touched or caressed before the game
(it’s a belief for positive energy for having a good game), some other players
add salt to the court (mostly in Mexico) because to us in this hemisphere, we
shoo away bad luck with salt.
Other Costumes people have:They take the flag to watch the game,
and they avoid number thirteen in the tshirts (in Uruguay). Also they kiss the
arches.
Esta publicación se centrará enlo aprendido referente al presente, es decir las
frases y expresiones más mentadas provenientes del balompié durante el mundial
y la vida cotidiana. Fuera de esto lo recurrente, me refiero a vocabulario
futbolístico que se vivió y sigue firme en cada encuentro y para terminar, algunas
curiosidades sobre el mundo del fútbol
¡Empecemos!👀
EL PRESENTE, LO QUE SE APRENDE:
FRASES Y EXPRESIONES COTIDIANAS EN ESPAÑOL PROVENIENTES DEL FÚTBOL Y CÓMO USARLAS
1.
Ponerse la camiseta: Proviene del
lenguaje futbolístico, juego en el que es imprescindible defender los colores
del bando propio sin guardarse nada, por ello pasó a indicar que hay que entregar lo mejor
de uno para defender los intereses de una empresa, de una institución o de
cualquier emprendimiento conjunto.
Colgar los guayos (Colombia)/botines (Argentina)
/ tenis (Guatemala y México): En Colombia significa “morirse” Morirse
(literal). En Argentina se dice Colgar los tenis y no tiene un matiz más tenue,
es decir abandonar o retirarse, dejar metafóricamente de jugar, no continuar
una actividad.
Dar bola: Mostrarse interesado, prestar
atención.
Sacar la roja: Echar o aplicar un
castigo severo
Marca personal: Controlar los
movimientos, el ir y venir de alguien.
Embarró la cancha: Complicar una
situación
Gambetear: Esquivar una pregunta o una
situación.
Pegó en el palo: Casi acertar algo o
zafar de algo por poco.
Marcar la cancha: Poner condiciones,
establecer reglas
Pasarla por arriba: salirse por la
tangente, esquivar, agarrar por otro lado.
Le metió un golazo: Hizo algo que era
poco probable, algo imposible o nunca antes visto.
Sudarse la camiseta: Hacer un trabajo
bien hecho.
¡Que
autogol!:
Cuando la persona hace algo que finalmente se le revierte
A continuación un ejemplo el uso de algunas de estas
expresiones:
LO RECURRENTE: VOCABULARIO FUTBOLÍSTICO
No sé cómo será en otros
idiomas, pero en el español existen
ciertas expresiones futbolísticas que se utiliza dentro de jerga del balompié y el día de hoy traigo las más
comunes:
LA TIJERA O TIJERETA: El jugador golpea
el balón, levantando sus piernas en el aire y cruzándolas —de allí el origen
del nombre—, generalmente en posición paralela al campo y mediante el empeine.
Usualmente, la tijera sirve como pase o remate a media distancia.
EL SOMBRERITO:Jugada en la que un
jugador eleva el balón por encima de un contrario y vuelve a controlar el
balón.
LA BICICLETA:Es un Regate que consistente
en rodear con el pie a la pelota simulando un golpeo sin que éste se mueva de
su posición con el fin de desequilibrar y engañar al jugador rival.
LANZARSE DE PALOMITA: Parada
espectacular realizada por el portero en la que realiza una gran estirada en un
salto lateral.
LA CHILENA:Para los peruanos se llama
“ La chalaca” esta jugada consiste en rematar
el balón tirando el cuerpo hacia atrás para patearlo a la altura de lo que
sería la cabeza.
LA VASELINA: Disparo suave con
trayectoria muy curva que hace volar el balón por encima de uno o varios
jugadores contrarios. Los goles realizados haciendo que el balón suba por
encima del portero y baje antes de entrar a portería son muy elegantes si
realizan con suavidad.
LA GAMBETA O GAMBETEAR:Danza
autóctona de Uruguay y Argentina que, al implicar un movimiento continuo de las
piernas sin dejarse caer nunca, se convirtió en el término que utilizan en el
Mar del Plata para los regates es decir para burlar la defensa rival.
EL PLANCHAZO:Lanzarse a
cortar el balón con uno o los dos pies por delante, levantando la puntera y
entrando con los tacos de la bota por delante, generalmente deslizándose sobre
la hierba.
CURIOSIDADES DEL FÚTBOL
La pasión por el fútbol vuelve a
los seres humanos irreverentes y a su vez
entes creyentes de magias y rituales más allá de todo entendimiento, en
donde lo cotidiano se convierte en extraño y lo religioso en una práctica dada
a la superstición, miremos algunas de estas prácticas hechas antes de cada
partido, sea este local, nacional o internacional:
Santiguarse, besar un escapulario, orar al señor ( Dios): Son prácticas que
utilizan no sólo los jugadores de fútbol, sino también otros deportistas con el
fin de bendecirse a sí mismos y al juego
que va a empezar, para que todo fluya a su favor. También es una manera de
invocar al ser supremo para que le proteja y le permita hacer lo mejor para sí
mismo y los suyos.
-El pie derecho
primero: Muchísimos jugadores entran siempre a la cancha con el pie
derecho. Esto quizás proviene de la vieja superstición que dice que hay que
empezar todo con ese pie para hacerlo bien. ( En general). En contraposición a esta idea está el hecho de si se inicia la jornada con el pie izquierdo, vendrá a nosotros la mala suerte. En un próximo artículo estaré hablando un poco al respecto, sobre las supersticiones de los países de habla española.
Los calzoncillos o calcetines al revés:
Según las supersticiones más clásicas, quien se pone las prendas de vestir al
revés tendrá suerte durante todo el día. En general la señal parece aludir a la
fortuna.
El color azul en la ropa interior: El ex
-arquero Colombiano René Higuita autor de la jugada del escorpión, entre sus
rituales del balompié tuvo la costumbre de llevar ropa interior azul. Pero curiosamente “la superstición”
por el color azul viene de atrás, ya los vemos en los matrimonios con “algo
azul”. En la actualidad esta tonalidad connota buena suerte, pero durante la
edad media tal color representaba las fuerzas asociadas con el mal, el
sincretismo de estas dos fuerzas doto a
este tipo cromático de carácter mágico y de buena fortuna como lo conocemos en
la actualidad.
El césped: El césped lugar de batalla
entre dos rivales, de un tiempo para acá ha dimensionado su importancia en los
rituales mágicos de los jugadores del balompié. Tal es la preponderancia de tal
territorio que éste es orinado ( para marcar el terreno y dominarle), tocado o
acariciado antes del partido (Se cree que mediante el contacto se va crear un vínculo
positivo para el partido y que hará fluir la energía para un buen partido),
otros más osados agregan sal al terreno para evitar la mala suerte ( en México)
ya que cómo sabemos al menos en este hemisferio la mala suerte se contrarresta
con lo salado. Otras prácticas que también se acostumbras son: -utilizan la bandera a la hora de ver el partido y evitar el número 13 en las camisetas del Uruguay por ejemplo, besar los palos del arco ( portería).
First, I want to apologize for my absence. But exceeded difficulties, I am back with my baterias al 100% (batteries recharged to 100%).
Today I’ll talk about fútbol (soccer): non-Eurocentrism origins, each country that played in the World cup and its moniker. In my next deliver I will talk about what we learned in the World Cup that ended in what we can call a " Duelo de Titanes" ( Titans Duel) between France and Croatia.
IN THE PAST
The Football World Cup happens once every four
years since 1930 but between 1942 and 1946 it was canceled because the world
was in war. Second World War lasted from 1939 to 1945. This year the world cup
took place in Russia. Eight Latin American Spanish Speaking countries
(Argentina, Panamá, Costa Rica, Peru, Colombia, Uruguay, Spain and Mexico) and
Brazil. One by one played and got disqualified and some didn’t even reach the
quarterfinals. We all supported in the end the Green and Yellow team (Brazil). We all roared with the games and we called
every team with their nicknames: “Los cariocas” (from Brazil), “Los ticos”
(Tico is a colloquial term for a native of Costa Rica), “La roja” (Spain national Football Club). Let’s see these nicknames
and their meanings:
Argentina: the Albicelestes Selection(their uniforms have vertical White and Sky-blue
stripes) just like their flag. They are also called “The gaucho” is a skilled
horseman, reputed to be brave and unruly. The gaucho is a national symbol in
Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. Gauchos became greatly admired and renowned in
legends, folklore and literature and became an important part of their regional
cultural tradition. The nickname Gaucho
comes from “El Gaucho Martín Fierro”, this is a 2,316-line epic poem by the
Argentine writer José Hernández. The poem was originally published in two
parts, El Gaucho Martín Fierro (1872) and La Vuelta de Martín Fierro (Martín
Fierro’s comeback (1879). This transmutation occurs in the 20th Century after
the achievements made by the Argentina National Football team. It was created
in 1893 and its very first international match was 1901. Argentina’s football
team won in 1978 and in 1986 the World Cup and finalist in 1930, in 1990 and in
2014. Besides, Argentina has given great
players to soccer: Leonel Messi, Diego
Armando Maradona, Alfredo Di ´Stéfano, Marcelo Bielsa, Carlos Bianchi.
Brazil:Team Verdeamarelha (Green-yellow)This nickname is thanks to the
colors of their flag. This team is also known as 'Scratch du Oro' (Scratch of gold), “canarainha” (The canary) for
the color of their T-shirt. Some other
people call them “Los cariocas”. This
name was given by sports reporters but it is a wrong nickname because Cariocas
are the people born in Rio de Janeiro. But
there is a reason for this. Rio de Janeiro was the capital city until 1960
Brasilia was named the Capital city. That’s the reason why today we still hear
and repeat this name when we talk about Brazilian people.
Colombia: The Team of “La Tricolor”.This nickname is the most used by fans and followers
of Colombian Soccer Team because the uniform showed the Flag colors: Yellow.
Blue and red. This name was used for the Football Cup in 1985 when the squad
used for the first time this uniform. The t-shirt was red and had tricolor
turtleneck, socks and sleeves with the tree colors in the border. The socks were
yellow and the shorts were blue. This uniform
was for local encounters with yellow t-shirt as an alternative. Another name is
“Los cafeteros” for being a coffee
producing country. Last, but not least, we have the nickname “La fiebre amarilla” (Yellow fever) for
the t-shirts worn by the squad and by the fans and followers supporting
Colombia in every game and World Cup. As you could see, this year in the Soccer
World Cup the Stadiums full with people wearing the yellow t-shirts.
Costa Rica: “Los
Ticos”: (feminine
tica, plural ticos, ticas) is a colloquial term for a native of Costa Rica.
Costa Ricans are usually called ticos by themselves and persons of other
Spanish-speaking countries, in place of the more formal Costa Ricans. There are
at least two popular explanations of the origin of the term tico. The first is
that it derives from the tendency of Costa Ricans to use -tico as the
diminutive suffix in Spanish instead of the more common and widely used -ito.
Literally -tico, when used as a suffix, in
Costa Rican Spanish denotes something very small, as the suffix -ito would. Use
of -tico versus -ito depends on the word, as not all of them would be easily
adapted to -tico suffix. For example: patico (duckling), gatico (kitty), chiquitico
(very tiny). All words – mostly nouns- end in TICO instead of ITO (patito,
gatito, etc.)
The surname " Tico" comes from
Spanish soldier, Jose Joaquin Tico who came to San Francisco in 1796. His
descendants include musician Randy Tico, Real Estate Broker Edward Tico, and
handball champion Chris Tico. The second explanation of tico is that it's
short for Hermanitico ('Little Brother' with the suffix described above), a
friendly and respectful way the people of Costa Rica used in the past (during
the Central American war against William Walker) to refer to themselves.
Spain:The “The Red Team”or “Red Fury”.
Spain got this nickname because of the color of their
uniforms. The red in the t-shirt is larger than the yellow. The original nickname,
“The Rage”, was heard for the first time in Amberes, on 1920´s encounter, when
Spain obtained the Silver Medal. After that it became “The red Rage” and in 2004 “Red
Fury” became popular.
México:“The
squad of the Tri”:
Mexico obtained this name thanks to the colors of the
flag, and when they went to the world cup in 1930 in Uruguay. Another name we
call them, is “Los Manitos” because
this term is commonly used in Mexican slang.
Panama: The team of “Los
canaleros” (The Canal Men) or “The
Red Tide”. The first name makes reference to the Panama Canal. The second
name was given in 2000 for their red uniforms and their culture-sea related.
Uruguay: La “Celeste”(sky Blue) because their
uniforms are this color. They are also called “The Charrúas” like their Amerindian ancestors. most knowledge
about the Charrúas comes from Spanish contact with them.
The Charrúas fought for Independence.
Chroniclers such as the Jesuit Pedro Lozano accused the Charrúan people of
killing the Spanish explorer Juan Díaz de Solís during his 1515 voyage up the
Río de la Plata. This is a crucial moment since it shows that the Charrúas were
going to resist the Spanish Invaders. Following the arrival of European
settlers, the Charrúa, along with the Chana, strongly resisted their
territorial invasion. The surname Charrúas for their football team
makes them proud of their natives and their bravery, and how they show it in
the field. They have played football since 1901 and classified for the World
Cup thirteen times: 1930, 1950, 1954, 1962, 1966, 1970, 1974, 1986, 1990, 2002,
2010, 2014 and in 2018. They won the World Cup in 1930 and in 1950.
Peru:The“Blanquirroja”
(Red-white) team:
because
of the colors of their national symbols. Other names are “Bicolor” or “The incans”. The last one, in remembrance of their
native peoples.
ONCE UPON A TIME…. FOOTBALL
Although people may think football (or soccer) is
an English invention, the first sport similar to football goes back 2000 years
during Han Dynasty in China. The Chinese had a military training discipline
where people made significative bets.
Some similarities with nowadays include they could use their feet and
kick the ball and some differences include punishing publicly the captain
whipping him. A very violent ending as the same game those days.
In the Middle Ages, France and Italy set some
of the game rules. What is a game for us nowadays in the olden days it had many
other uses: for example, a military exercise for war, and as a ludic
activity. The European weren’t the only
ones to develop the game. Next, we will see how Football appeared in other
continents:
BALL GAMES IN AMERICA
It
is a belief that football appears with Mayan culture and it was called “Pot Ta Pok”. This game is about 3.000 years old. In the
Popol Vuh (The Mayas Sacred Book)
two semi-divine humans challenged the Gods of Death and went to the underworld to
manage the ritual called “Pot Ta Pok”
(the name was given for the sound the ball made when it was hit). This was a
solemn game because it remembered the opposite elements of the universe, the
eternal fight of light and darkness. The winner was the player who put the ball
through the arch and his prize was to be beheaded and his memory will last for
all eternity. The Nahuatl played the “Pok
Ta Pok” but they changed the name to “Tlachtli”
and Zapotecans called it “Talazi”,
but the standard name is “Ulama”.
This game was played in Central America to Sinaloa in Mexico. In
South America there was the “Linao” or “Inao” in Chile. The natives called
“Huilliches” played this ball game. It almost disappeared in 1980. Nowadays it
is played for better strength and tone muscle for the war.
In
the United States of America on the eighteenth century, natives played “Pasuckuakohowog”, some kind of dangerous
and aggressive football game on the beach. Players quit because of many
injuries that included bone fractures, and other serious wounds. The game lasted several hours and it was usual
that at the end of the game they had a great celebration with both teams. In
Alaska they played the same game but on ice and under the name of “Asqaqtuk”.
BALL GAMES IN ASIA
In China a ball game appeared. The goal was to
throw a ball with their feet into a net made with different things. This game
was called “Ts'uh Kúh” (you can also
find it as “tsu chu” or “luju”). The men who played this game were Army men.
The players could choose their opponents. In Japan the game was merely ritual
and it was called “Kemari” or “Kennat”. It started during the Asuka
Period (year 600 C.E). The goal of the game was to prevent the ball from
touching the floor with their feet and passing it to other players. When a
player kicks the ball shouts “ariyaaa! And “ari! Kemari is not a competitive
game ad doesn’t have winners or losers. Everyone helps keep the ball in the
air. It is still played nowadays but not as popular as in the olden days.
In Korea they had a military training culture, and
on the fifth century in the reign of Shilla the “Chhukkuk” appears. In this game two teams confronted representing
a military exercise.
VOCABULARY
Baterias al 100% (BATERIES TO THE 100%): It means you have all your energy
charged for a specific activity.
Duelo de Titanes (DUEL
OF TITANS): Expression
who talks about two great opponents.
Fútbol: (Football) Other names are balompié
(ball-foot), juego de pelota (ball game) and pambol, the least used.
💓As always, I hope you enjoy Reading this
document as much as I enjoyed writing it.💓
